Some extensions to SHOW statements accompany the implementation of INFORMATION_SCHEMA:

INFORMATION_SCHEMA is an information database, so its name is included in the output from SHOW DATABASES. Similarly, SHOW TABLES can be used with INFORMATION_SCHEMA to obtain a list of its tables:

mysql> SHOW TABLES FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA;
+---------------------------------------+
| Tables_in_INFORMATION_SCHEMA          |
+---------------------------------------+
| CHARACTER_SETS                        |
| COLLATIONS                            |
| COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY |
| COLUMNS                               |
| COLUMN_PRIVILEGES                     |
| ENGINES                               |
| EVENTS                                |
| FILES                                 |
| KEY_COLUMN_USAGE                      |
| PARTITIONS                            |
| PLUGINS                               |
| PROCESSLIST                           |
| REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS               |
| ROUTINES                              |
| SCHEMATA                              |
| SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES                     |
| STATISTICS                            |
| TABLES                                |
| TABLE_CONSTRAINTS                     |
| TABLE_PRIVILEGES                      |
| TRIGGERS                              |
| USER_PRIVILEGES                       |
| VIEWS                                 |
+---------------------------------------+

SHOW COLUMNS and DESCRIBE can display information about the columns in individual INFORMATION_SCHEMA tables.

SHOW statements that accept a LIKE clause to limit the rows displayed also permit a WHERE clause that specifies more general conditions that selected rows must satisfy:

SHOW CHARACTER SET
SHOW COLLATION
SHOW COLUMNS
SHOW DATABASES
SHOW FUNCTION STATUS
SHOW INDEX
SHOW OPEN TABLES
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS
SHOW STATUS
SHOW TABLE STATUS
SHOW TABLES
SHOW TRIGGERS
SHOW VARIABLES

The WHERE clause, if present, is evaluated against the column names displayed by the SHOW statement. For example, the SHOW CHARACTER SET statement produces these output columns:

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset  | Description                 | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5     | Big5 Traditional Chinese    | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| dec8     | DEC West European           | dec8_swedish_ci     |      1 |
| cp850    | DOS West European           | cp850_general_ci    |      1 |
| hp8      | HP West European            | hp8_english_ci      |      1 |
| koi8r    | KOI8-R Relcom Russian       | koi8r_general_ci    |      1 |
| latin1   | cp1252 West European        | latin1_swedish_ci   |      1 |
| latin2   | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci   |      1 |
...

To use a WHERE clause with SHOW CHARACTER SET, you would refer to those column names. As an example, the following statement displays information about character sets for which the default collation contains the string 'japanese':

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET WHERE `Default collation` LIKE '%japanese%';
+---------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description               | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+---------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| ujis    | EUC-JP Japanese           | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| sjis    | Shift-JIS Japanese        | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| cp932   | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
+---------+---------------------------+---------------------+--------+

This statement displays the multibyte character sets:

mysql> SHOW CHARACTER SET WHERE Maxlen > 1;
+---------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description                     | Default collation   | Maxlen |
+---------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5    | Big5 Traditional Chinese        | big5_chinese_ci     |      2 |
| cp932   | SJIS for Windows Japanese       | cp932_japanese_ci   |      2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese       | eucjpms_japanese_ci |      3 |
| euckr   | EUC-KR Korean                   | euckr_korean_ci     |      2 |
| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci  |      4 |
| gb2312  | GB2312 Simplified Chinese       | gb2312_chinese_ci   |      2 |
| gbk     | GBK Simplified Chinese          | gbk_chinese_ci      |      2 |
| sjis    | Shift-JIS Japanese              | sjis_japanese_ci    |      2 |
| ucs2    | UCS-2 Unicode                   | ucs2_general_ci     |      2 |
| ujis    | EUC-JP Japanese                 | ujis_japanese_ci    |      3 |
| utf16   | UTF-16 Unicode                  | utf16_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode                | utf16le_general_ci  |      4 |
| utf32   | UTF-32 Unicode                  | utf32_general_ci    |      4 |
| utf8mb3 | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb3_general_ci  |      3 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode                   | utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci  |      4 |
+---------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+